Operators

Operators are nothing but symbols that perform specific operations. In this chapter let us discuss in detail the different types of operators Basic terminologies that we are going to use often are operator and operand If X+Y is the operation X and Y are the operands,+ is the operator

The following section will describe the types of operators

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform mathematical functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulor division. It requires a minimum of two operands.

Operator	Name	Description
+	Additive operator	performs addition and is also used for String concatenation
-	Subtraction operator	performs subtraction of operands
*	Multiplication operator	performs multiplication of operands
/	Division operator	performs division of operands
%	Remainder operator	Performs the division of two operands x and y and returns the remainder value

Program:

public class SampleArithOperator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        int y = 5;
        int result = x + y;
        System.out.println("x+y=" + result); //+ is used for String concatenation
        System.out.println(x - y);
        System.out.println(x * y);
        System.out.println(x / y);
        System.out.println(x % y);
    }
}

OUTPUT:

x+y=15

2. Unary Operators

The unary operators perform various operations such as incrementing or decrementing a value by one, negating an expression, or inverting the value of a boolean. A unary operator requires only one operand.

Operator	Name	Description
+	Unary plus operator	indicates positive value
-	Unary minus operator	indicates negative value
++	Increment operator	increments a value by 1
--	Decrement operator	decrements a value by 1
!	Logical complement operator	inverts the value of a boolean

Program:

public class SampleUnaryOperator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        int y = 5;
        int z = 3;
        boolean success = false;
        x++;
        y--;
        z = -z;
        System.out.println("x++ is: " + x);
        System.out.println("y-- is: " + y);
        System.out.println("-z is: " + z);
        System.out.println(success);
        System.out.println(!success);
    }
}

OUTPUT:

x++ is: 11

y-- is: 4

-z is: -3

false

true

3. The Equality and Relational Operators:

The equality and relational operators are used to determine whether one operand is greater than or less than equal to or not equal to another operand. Here equal to is represented as == not =

Operator	Name	Description
==	equal to	checks whether the value of two operands is equal
!=	not equal to	checks whether the value of two operands is equal
>	greater than	checks whether the value of one operand is greater than the second operand
>=	greater than or equal to	checks whether the value of one operand is greater than or equal to the second operand
<	less than	checks whether the value of one operand is less than the second operand
<=	less than or equal to	checks whether the value of one operand is less or equal to the second operand

Program:

public class SampleRelationalOperator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        int y = 5;
        if (x == y)//false
            System.out.println("x == y");
        if (x != y)//true
            System.out.println("x != y");
        if (x > y)//true
            System.out.println("x > y");
        if (x < y)//false
            System.out.println("x < y");
        if (x <= y)//false
            System.out.println("x <= y");
    }
}

In the above sample, only the true statements will be executed.

OUTPUT:

x != y

x > y

4. The Conditional Operators:

operator	name
&&	Conditional-AND
\|\|	Conditional-OR
?:	Ternary operator

The && and || operators perform Conditional-AND(&&) and Conditional-OR(||) operations on two boolean expressions whereas the ternary operator is the shorthand of if-then-else-statement

the syntax for the ternary operator:

variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

The below example demonstrates the ternary operator

public class SampleTernaryOperator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        int y = 5;
        int result;
        int reuse;
        result = (x != y) ? x : y;//true
        reuse = (x == y) ? x : y;//false
        System.out.println(result);
        System.out.println(reuse);
    }
}

OUTPUT:

In the above example, the result variable is assigned with a true condition so it prints the value of x whereas reuse is assigned with a false statement so it returns the y value

5. Bitwise and BitShift Operators

operator	Name	Description
~	Unary bitwise complement	compliment operator inverts a bit of pattern
<<	Signed left shift	left shift operator that moves the bits to the left
>>	Signed right shift	right shift operator that moves the bits to the right
&	Bitwise AND	compares corresponding bits of x and y and generates 1 if both bits are equal else it returns 0.
^	Bitwise exclusive OR	compares corresponding bits of x and y and generates 1 if they are not equal else it returns 0.
\|	Bitwise inclusive OR	compares corresponding bits of x and y and generates 1 if either bit is 1 else it returns 0.

Program:

public class SampleBitOperator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        int y = 5;
        int result = 0;
        result = x & y;
        System.out.println("x & y: " + result);
        result = x | y;
        System.out.println("x | y: " + result);
        result = x ^ y;
        System.out.println("x ^ y: " + result);
        result = ~x;
        System.out.println("~x: " + result);
        result = x << 2;
        System.out.println("x << 2: " + result);
        result = x >> 2;
        System.out.println("x >> 2: " + result);
    }
}

OUTPUT:

x & y: 0

x | y: 15

x ^ y: 15

~x: -11

x << 2: 40

x >> 2: 2

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