Hooks in Cucumber Framework

Hooks are special code blocks that run before and/or after each scenario or step in a feature file. They are used for test setup, cleanup, or any repeated action across scenarios. Hooks help reduce code duplication and improve code maintainability.

Hooks are commonly used for:

Opening and closing a browser
Navigating to a default page
Setting or clearing cookies
Creating or cleaning test data
Connecting or disconnecting from a database
Taking screenshots on failure
Logging or reporting actions

Types of Hooks in Cucumber

Cucumber provides two levels of hooks:

Scenario Hooks

@Before: Runs before each scenario

@After: Runs after each scenario

Step Hooks

@BeforeStep: Runs before each step

@AfterStep: Runs after each step

Typical Use Cases for Hooks

Hook Type	Common Use Cases
@Before	Open browser Setup data Navigate to app
@After	Close browser Delete test data Logout
@BeforeStep	Log step start Initialize per-step setup
@AfterStep	Take screenshots Validate UI status

Hooks usually places in src > test> java > utils > Hooks.java

Here is the example Hooks.java

package test.utils;

import io.cucumber.java.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;

public class Hooks {

public static WebDriver driver;

@Before
public void setUp(Scenario scenario) {
System.out.println("==[ Before Scenario: " + scenario.getName() + " ]==");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}

@After
public void tearDown(Scenario scenario) {
System.out.println("==[ After Scenario: " + scenario.getName() + " ]==");

// Take screenshot on failure
if (scenario.isFailed()) {
TakesScreenshot ts = (TakesScreenshot) driver;
byte[] screenshot = ts.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
scenario.attach(screenshot, "image/png", "Failure Screenshot");
}

driver.quit();
}

@BeforeStep
public void beforeEachStep(Scenario scenario) {
System.out.println(">> Before Step in: " + scenario.getName());
}

@AfterStep
public void afterEachStep(Scenario scenario) {
System.out.println("<< After Step in: " + scenario.getName());
}
}

Hooks in Cucumber Framework

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