In the previous tutorial, we looked at only two basic actions that can be performed using Selenium WebDriver. However, Selenium WebDriver supports a wide range of interactions and actions to automate web applications effectively.
Here is a brief cheat sheet covering commonly used interactions and actions in Selenium WebDriver.
Element Interactions
// Type text
driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("testuser");
// Clear input field
driver.findElement(By.id("password")).clear();
// Click button
driver.findElement(By.id("loginBtn")).click();
// Check if checkbox is selected
driver.findElement(By.id("checkbox")).isSelected();
// Check if radio is enabled
driver.findElement(By.id("radio")).isEnabled();
// Check if radio is enabled
driver.findElement(By.id("logo")).getText();
Dropdown Handling
Select dropdown = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("dropdownId")));
dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Option");
dropdown.selectByIndex(2);
dropdown.selectByValue("value");
Mouse Actions
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
// Hover over element
actions.moveToElement(element).perform();
// Double-click
actions.doubleClick(element).perform();
// Right-click
actions.contextClick(element).perform();
// Drag and drop
actions.clickAndHold(element).moveToElement(target).release().perform();
Frame Handling
// Switching to frame
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");
// Back to main page
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
Multiple Window Handling
//Switch to New Window
// Store the current (parent) window handle
String parentHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
// Loop through all open window handles
for (String winHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
if (!winHandle.equals(parentHandle)) {
// Switch to the new window
driver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
// Print the URL of the new window
System.out.println("New window URL: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Close the newly opened window
driver.close();
}
}
// Switch back to the parent window
driver.switchTo().window(parentHandle);
// Print the URL of the parent window
System.out.println("Parent window URL: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
Alert Handling
// Handling alerts
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
// Click OK
alert.accept();
// Click Cancel
alert.dismiss();
// Read alert message
alert.getText();
Page Handling
// Opens the specified URL in the browser.
driver.get("URL")
// Returns the title of the current web page.
driver.getTitle()
// Returns the current page URL.
driver.getCurrentUrl()
// Returns the page's HTML source code.
driver.getPageSource()
// Returns the ID of the current browser window.
driver.getWindowHandle()
// Returns the IDs of all open browser windows.
driver.getWindowHandles()
// Maximizes the browser window.
driver.manage().window().maximize()
// Minimizes the browser window.
driver.manage().window().minimize()
// Makes the browser window full screen.
driver.manage().window().fullscreen()
// Sets the implicit wait time for finding elements.
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
// Navigates to a URL (same as driver.get()).
driver.navigate().to("URL")
// Navigates back to the previous page.
driver.navigate().back()
// Moves forward to the next page.
driver.navigate().forward()
// Refreshes the current page.
driver.navigate().refresh()
// Closes the current browser tab/window.
driver.close()
// Closes all browser windows and ends the WebDriver session.
driver.quit()
// Finds a single web element by ID.
driver.findElement(By.id("id"))
